Coupling between cohesive element method and node?to?segment contact algorithm: Implementation and application

In materials, the evolution of crack surfaces is intimately linked with self-contact occurring between them. The developed contact forces not only mitigate effect stress concentration at tip but also contribute significantly to transfer shear and normal stresses. this article, we present a numerical framework study simultaneous process fracture fracturing surfaces. widely used approach, where constraints are enforced cohesive element traction separation law, demonstrated fail for relative displacements greater than characteristic mesh length. A hybrid approach proposed, which couples node-to-segment algorithm extrinsic elements. Thus, modeled elements, whereas friction through penalty-based method. This cohesive-contact shown alleviate any topology limitations, making it reliable physically based model studying propagation along rough